Female urology is a subdivision of urology that deals with urinary tract disorders in women. These disorders include urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, pelvic organ prolapse, recurrent urinary tract infection, and pelvic pain. A female urologist specializes in the treatment of these diseases and has a thorough knowledge of the female pelvic floor.

• Kidney stones:When minerals in the urine combine, they can sometimes stick together and create kidney stones that get lodged in the urinary tract.
• Pelvic organ prolapse:This is a condition that occurs when the muscles and tissues that support the uterus, bladder, and rectum become weak or loose.
• Overactive bladder: Characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable urge to urinate, waking more than once at night to urinate, and urinating more than eight times in 24 hours.
• Urinary incontinence: Bladder control problems can affect women of all ages and are a very common issue.
• Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs): UTIs are more common in women than in men, and some women experience recurrent UTIs.

Some factors that increase a women’s risk of developing UTI include:

• Age The rate of UTIs in women gradually increases with age.
• Incomplete bladder emptying. which allows the residual urine to be rapidly infected by bacteria present.
• Sexual intercourse which seems to trigger a UTI infection in many women, although the reason for this is unclear.
• Use of diaphragm and condoms with spermicidal foam as contraceptives
• Immunosuppression with certain medications or drugs
• Menopause with the attendant loss of oestrogen